8 Reasons You’re Spotting Between Periods

A stressful week at work, or gaining or losing a few pounds, could disrupt your hormone levels enough to cause spotting. But there are also underlying health issues that can mess with your cycle, says Dr. Andrews, including thyroid disorders (either an over- or under-production of thyroid hormones) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Both conditions can cause irregular periods and spotting.

Thyroid disorders can be treated with synthetic hormones. If you’re diagnosed with PCOS, your doc may prescribe lifestyle changes (such as losing weight) and hormone-regulating medications (such as birth control pills) to help reduce symptoms and prevent complications.

RELATED: 19 Signs Your Thyroid Isn’t Working Right

Believe it or not, most women (up to 75 or 80%) develop uterine fibroids, but many never know it, since the non-cancerous growths can be so small they don’t trigger any symptoms. Larger fibroids, however, can cause pain and discomfort. They may make it difficult to get pregnant and lead to frequent urination (if they’re pressing on your bladder). Fibroids can also cause spotting, says Dr. Andrews: “The fibroid itself may be bleeding or causing bleeding in the endometrial wall.” Treatment for fibroids varies depending on the symptoms the growths are causing. Your doctor might recommend medications that regulate your period and help shrink the fibroids, or one of a number of surgical procedures that can shrink or remove fibroids.

RELATED: 10 Ways to Treat Uterine Fibroids

During the first trimester of a pregnancy, spotting is fairly common, says Dr. Ross. “When the embryo implants into the uterus and for the four to six weeks after, you can have a little bit of spotting.” This so-called implantational spotting is usually brownish in color and light, she says.

If the bleeding resembles a heavy period or you’re also feeling cramps, it may be a sign you’re having a miscarriage. Call your doctor, who may want to order a blood test or do an ultrasound.

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Some thyroid medications can cause spotting, says Dr. Ross, as can some types of hormonal medications aside from birth control. One example is tamoxifen, which is often prescribed for early-stage breast cancer. “Tamoxifen can cause vaginal bleeding and increase risk for endometrial cancer, so we make sure breast cancer patients [taking it] see a gynecologist on a regular basis,” says Dr. Andrews.

RELATED: I Survived Thyroid Cancer—but Dealing With the Side Effects Has Been Harder Than I Ever Imagined

If you have spotting after menopause, don’t ignore it: “Any time you experience vaginal bleeding post-menopause, see your physician for at least a physical exam,” Dr. Andrews says. Depending on the diagnosis she suspects, she may suggest a trans-vaginal ultrasound.

One possibility is endometrial hyperplasia, a precancerous condition that causes the uterine lining to become extra thick. As the lining builds up, some spotting may occur, says Dr. Andrews. Endometrial hyperplasia is sometimes treated with progestin (via pills, shots, cream, or an IUD) to shed the thickened lining. Your doctor can determine if certain abnormal cells that increase your cancer risk are present; if they are, and as long as you aren't planning on having children, he may recommend a hysterectomy.

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