Growth and Development, Ages 1 to 12 Months

During the first 12 months of a baby's life, it's very common for parents to have concerns about their baby's general well-being. Know that you likely do not have anything to worry about. But it is good to be aware of health, development, and safety issues to help prevent or respond to problems.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

SIDS is the death, without a known cause, of a baby who is younger than 1 year old. Typically, a parent or other caregiver puts the baby—who seems healthy—down to sleep and returns later to find the baby has died.

SIDS is very rare, and it cannot always be prevented. But you can help prevent SIDS by taking certain steps:

• Always put your baby to sleep on his or her back.
• Consider giving your baby a pacifier at nap time and bedtime.
• Keep your baby's crib clear of toys and blankets.
• Dress your baby in clothing that is just enough for warmth without the risk of overheating. If possible, make sure that the room where your baby sleeps is at a temperature that's comfortable without the use of a lot of clothing or blankets.
• The safest place for your baby to sleep until at least 6 months of age is in your room in a separate crib or bassinet.¹

For more information, see the topic Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

Sleeping

You may just start bragging to your friends and family how your baby is sleeping through the night when—suddenly—that's no longer true. The fact is, sleeping patterns change.

Your baby may suddenly start to cry when it's nap time or bedtime or may wake up during the night. Sometimes a baby gets too excited for sleep after he or she has mastered some new skill, such as jabbering or shaking the crib. Other times, hunger from a growth spurt, a change in routine, or not feeling well may interrupt a good sleep pattern.

Try to keep a nap and bedtime routine. Your baby will adjust if you stay consistent. And remember, napping can be good for tired parents too. For more information, see:

Sleep: Helping Your Children—and Yourself—Sleep Well.

And for more ideas, see:

• Quick Tips: Getting Baby to Sleep.

Feeding

You may notice your baby's feeding patterns change during this time. For more information about feeding your baby, see the topics Breast-Feeding and Bottle-Feeding.

Crying

Babies cry a lot, especially in the first 2 months. Crying is your child's first way of communicating.

The amount of time your baby spends crying usually increases from birth until your baby is about 6 to 8 weeks old. After that, your baby will gradually cry less as he or she finds other ways of communicating or consoling himself or herself.

If your child is crying, try to identify the type of cry. It helps to go through a mental checklist of what might be wrong and make sure your child is safe and cared for.

As parents or caregivers respond to the young child's other signals (such as whimpering, facial expressions, and wiggling), the child will usually cry less. For more information, see the topic Crying, Age 3 and Younger.

Choking

Babies love to put objects into their mouths. To keep your baby from choking:

• Be careful about the size of toys he or she plays with.
• Watch out for everyday items that your baby could swallow, such as coins.
• Be careful as you begin introducing solid foods to your baby between 4 and 6 months of age. Help prevent choking on food by not giving your child round, firm foods, such as hot dogs, unless you first completely chop them into very small pieces.

Diaper rash

Diaper rash occurs most often in babies who are 9 to 12 months old. Even though a diaper rash is uncomfortable, normally it is not serious. Usually the rash clears up when you:

• Change diapers more often.
• Are careful about cleaning your baby's bottom.
• Apply nonprescription ointments to the rash.

For more information, see the topic Diaper Rash.

Sibling rivalry

It may take a few months before an older child shows signs of jealousy of a new baby. When your child realizes that the baby is there to stay, strong emotions and behavior problems may soon follow.

You can take steps to prepare for sibling rivalry. For example, you can:

• Help your older child adjust by setting time aside for just the two of you.
• Talk about how important it is for your older child to help care for the baby.
• Give your older child a role in daily care, such as handing you a fresh diaper when you change your baby.

Separation anxiety

Beginning around 6 months of age, your baby begins to feel uneasy when you go away. This is called separation anxiety, or separation protest. You can help your baby manage these emotions by making sure your child is well-rested and well-fed before you leave. It may also help to distract your baby, such as with a favorite toy.