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Low back surgery tool


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Works consulted:

Carragee EJ, Hannibal M (2004). Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 35(2004): 7–16.

Hu SS, et al. (2006). Lumbar disc herniation section of Disorders, diseases, and injuries of the spine. In HB Skinner, ed., Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopedics, 4th ed., pp. 246–249. New York: McGraw-Hill.


Last Updated: February 14, 2008
Medical Review:
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine

Martin Gabica, MD - Family Medicine


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