When stomach acid backs up into the esophagus (the narrow tube that connects the mouth and the stomach), it’s known as acid reflux. Acid reflux occurs when the valve separating the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), relaxes. Alcohol, nicotine, and numerous foods can all cause this to happen. The painful, burning sensation that results is heartburn.
If you have symptoms more than twice a week, you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD.
To find out more about how stomach acid causes heartburn and GERD, check out the following image from our
A–Z Health Library.

Heartburn is a feeling of burning, warmth, heat, or pain that often
starts in the upper abdomen just beneath the lower breastbone (sternum). This
discomfort may spread in waves upward into your throat, and you may have a sour
taste in your mouth. Heartburn is sometimes called indigestion, acid
regurgitation, sour stomach, or pyrosis.